What are sinonasal and skull base tumors?
Sinonasal and skull base tumors are typically categorized by either their benign or malignant behavior. Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body, but primarily cause damage in the nose due their ability to put pressure on surrounding vital structures. In contrast, malignant tumors tend to be more dangerous since they can aggressively invade into the brain or eye, and have the ability to metastasize or spread to other parts of the body. Sinonasal tumors are limited to the nasal passages and sinuses, whereas skull base tumors involve the brain or orbit.
Pituitary tumors, most commonly benign, are tumors that form from the the pituitary gland. They are also considered skull base tumors, given their proximity to the nasal cavity. The pituitary gland is responsible for regulating many vital hormones throughout our bodies.
How are sinonasal and skull base tumors treated?
Before proceeding with surgery, an intranasal biopsy will be taken to determine the pathology present. Additionally, a comprehensive head and neck evaluation, along with appropriate imaging studies will be necessary for surgical planning. If the tumor is involving the brain, a neurosurgeon will also be consulted to help plan and perform parts of the procedure.
Given the infinite ways these tumors can present, the extent of surgery required will be determined on a case by case basis. Ultimately, many procedures can be accomplished completely endoscopically through the nose, whereas more advance tumors may require a combined endoscopic and external approach. Pituitary tumors are performed completely through those, without requiring any external cuts or incisions. Following the procedure, radiotherapy may be required to ensure that all the tumor margins are clear.
